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Contents
| Title Page and Notice | |||
| National Academies Statement | |||
| Committee | |||
| Preface | |||
| EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | |||
Part I | |||
| 1 | INTRODUCTION | ||
| 1.1 | The Internet: Source of Promise, Source of Concern | ||
| 1.2 | A Critical Definitional Issue--What Is "Pornography"? | ||
| 1.3 | Other Types of Inappropriate Material and Experiences | ||
| 1.4 | A Broad Spectrum of Opinion and Views | ||
| 1.5 | Focus and Structure of This Report | ||
| 2 | TECHNOLOGY | ||
| 2.1 | An Orientation to Cyberspace and the Internet | ||
| 2.2 | Technologies of Information Retrieval | ||
| 2.3 | Technologies Related to Access Control and Policy Enforcement | ||
| 2.4 | What the Future May Bring | ||
| 3 | THE ADULT ONLINE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY | ||
| 3.1 | The Structure and Scale of the Online Adult Entertainment Industry | ||
| 3.2 | The Generation of Revenue | ||
| 3.3 | Practices Related To Minors | ||
| 3.4 | What the Future Might Hold? | ||
| 3.5 | Industry Structure, Product Differentiation, and Aggressive Promotion | ||
| 4 | LEGAL AND REGULATORY ISSUES | ||
| 4.1 | The First Amendment | ||
| 4.2 | Relevant Statutes and Common Law | ||
| 4.3 | Law Enforcement, Training, and Education | ||
| 5 | CHILDREN, MEDIA, AND EXPOSURE TO SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MATERIAL | ||
| 5.1 | Children and How They Use Media | ||
| 5.2 | Sexuality in Culture | ||
| 5.3 | The Role of Media in Providing Information on Sexuality to Youth | ||
| 5.4 | Dimensions of Exposure and Access to the Internet | ||
| 5.5 | Internet Exposure to Sexually Explicit Material, Solicitations, and Harassment | ||
| 6 | THE RESEARCH BASE ON THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MATERIAL: WHAT THEORY AND EMPIRICAL STUDIES OFFER | ||
| 6.1 | Theoretical Considerations | ||
| 6.2 | Empirical Work | ||
| 6.3 | Factors Affecting the Impact on Minors of Exposure to Sexually Explicit Material | ||
| 7 | BEYOND THE SCIENCE: PERSPECTIVES ON IMPACT AND THE PUBLIC DEBATE | ||
| 7.1 | Challenges to Parents | ||
| 7.2 | Speculations and Other Perspectives on Possible Impact | ||
| 7.3 | Rhetorical Concerns and Issues of Public Debate | ||
| 7.4 | Judgments in the Absence of a Reliable Research Base | ||
| 7.5 | Concluding Observations | ||
Part II | |||
| 8 | APPROACHES TO PROTECTION FROM INAPPROPRIATE MATERIAL | ||
| 8.1 | The Identification of Inappropriate Material | ||
| 8.2 | Dimensions of "Protection" | ||
| 8.3 | The Time Line of Protective Actions | ||
| 8.4 | Differing Institutional Missions of Schools and Libraries | ||
| 8.5 | The Politics of Protection and Inappropriate Material--Who and When? | ||
| 8.6 | Techniques of Protection | ||
| 8.7 | Approaches to Protection | ||
| 9 | LEGAL AND REGULATORY TOOLS | ||
| 9.1 | Vigorous Prosecutions of Obscene Material | ||
| 9.2 | Civil Liability for Presenting Obscene Material on the Internet | ||
| 9.3 | Options for Dealing with Material That Is Obscene for Minors | ||
| 9.4 | Enforcement of Record-Keeping Requirements | ||
| 9.5 | Streamlining the Process of Handling Violations | ||
| 9.6 | Self-Regulatory Approaches | ||
| 9.7 | General Observations | ||
| 10 | SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES TO DEVELOP AND PERSONAL COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY | ||
| 10.1 | Foundations of Responsible Choice | ||
| 10.2 | Definition of a Social or Educational Strategy | ||
| 10.3 | Contextual Issues for Social and Educational Strategies | ||
| 10.4 | Parental Involvement and Supervision | ||
| 10.5 | Peer Assistance | ||
| 10.6 | Acceptable Use Policies | ||
| 10.7 | After-The-Fact Strategies | ||
| 10.8 | Education | ||
| 10.9 | Compelling and Safe Content | ||
| 10.10 | Public Service Announcements and Media Campaigns | ||
| 10.11 | Findings/Observations about Social and Educational Strategies | ||
| 11 | A PERSPECTIVE ON TECHNOLOGY-BASED TOOLS | ||
| 11.1 | Technology-Based Tools | ||
| 11.2 | Contextual Issues For Technology-Based Tools | ||
| 11.3 | The Questions to Be Asked of Each Tool | ||
| 12 | TECHNOLOGY-BASED TOOLS FOR USERS | ||
| 12.1 | Filtering and Content-Limited Access | ||
| 12.2 | Monitoring | ||
| 12.3 | Tools for Controlling or Limiting "Spam" | ||
| 12.4 | Instant Help | ||
| 13 | TECHNOLOGY-BASED TOOLS AVAILABLE TO NON-END USERS | ||
| 13.1 | A .xxx Top-Level Domain | ||
| 13.2 | A .kids Top-Level Domain | ||
| 13.3 | Age Verification Technologies | ||
| 13.4. | Tools for Protecting Intellectual Property | ||
Part III | |||
| 14 | FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND FUTURE NEEDS | ||
| 14.1 | Framing the Issue | ||
| 14.2 | On the Impact on Children of Exposure to Sexually Explicit Material and Experiences | ||
| 14.3 | On Approaches to Protection | ||
| 14.4 | Trade-offs and Complexity | ||
| 14.5 | Take-Away Messages for Different Parties | ||
| 14.6 | Research Needs | ||
| 14.7 | Conclusion | ||
APPENDIXES | |||
| A | INFORMATION GATHERING SESSIONS OF THE COMMITTEE | ||
| A.1 | Plenary Meeting of July 17-19, 2000 | ||
| A.2 | Plenary Meeting of October 18-20, 2000 | ||
| A.3 | Public Workshop of December 13, 2000 | ||
| A.4 | Plenary Meeting of March 7-9, 2001 | ||
| A.5 | Site Visit to Austin, Texas, April 3-4, 2001 | ||
| A.6 | Site Visit to Blacksburg, Virginia, May 8-9, 2001 | ||
| A.7 | Site Visit to Greenville, South Carolina, April 17-18, 2001 | ||
| A.8 | Site Visit to Coral Gables, Florida, May 31-June 1, 2001 | ||
| A.9 | Site Visit to Salt Lake City, Utah, April 26-27, 2001 | ||
| A.10 | Site Visit to San Diego, California, May 2-3, 2001 | ||
| A.11 | Site Visit to Shelton, Redding, Bristol, Kent, and Hamden, Connecticut, June 1-2, 2001 | ||
| B | GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS | ||
| C | SELECTED TECHNOLOGY ISSUES | ||
| C.1 | Information Retrieval Technologies | ||
| C.2 | Search Engines and Other Operational Information Retrieval Systems | ||
| C.3 | Location Verification | ||
| C.4 | User Interfaces | ||
| D | SITE VISIT SYNTHESIS | ||
| D.1 | Background | ||
| D.2 | Recurring Themes | ||
| E | BIOGRAPHIES | ||
| E.1 | Committee Members | ||
| E.2 | Staff Members | ||
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